Modeling hydrologic responses of the Zwalm catchment using the REW approach: propagation of uncertainty in soil properties to model output     

Abderraouf El Ouazzani Taibi  Amro Elfeki  Guoping Zhang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(5-6):1005-1018

The research presented in this paper focuses on the application of a newly developed physically based watershed modeling approach, which is called representative elementary watershed approach. The study stressed the effects of uncertainty of input parameters on the watershed responses (i.e., simulated discharges). The approach was applied to the Zwalm catchment, which is an agriculture-dominated watershed with a drainage area of 114 km² located in East Flanders, Belgium. Uncertainty analysis of the model parameters is limited to the saturated hydraulic conductivity because of its high influence on the watershed hydrologic behavior and availability of the data. The assessment of output uncertainty is performed using the Monte Carlo method. The ensemble statistical watershed responses and their uncertainties are calculated and compared with measurements. The results show that the measured discharges fall within the 95% confidence interval of the modeled discharge. This provides the uncertainty bounds of the discharges that account for the uncertainty in saturated hydraulic conductivity. The methodology can be extended to address other uncertain parameters as far as the probability density function of the parameter is defined.  相似文献   

NNFFC-adaptive output feedback trajectory tracking control for a surface ship at high speed     

Li-Jun Zhang  Xue Qi 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(13):1430-1438

An adaptive output feedback controller based on neural network feedback-feedforward compensator (NNFFC) which drives a surface ship at high speed to track a desired trajectory is designed. The tracking problem of the surface ship at low speed has been widely investigated. However, the coupling interactions among the forces from each degree of freedom (DOF) have not been considered in general. Furthermore, the influence of the hydrodynamic damping is also simplified into a linear form or neglected. On the contrary, coupling interactions and the nonlinear characteristics of the hydrodynamic damping can never be neglected in high speed maneuvering situation. For these reasons, the influence of the nonlinear hydrodynamic damping on the tracking precision is considered in this paper. Since the hydrodynamic coefficients of the surface ship at high speed are very difficult to be accurately estimated as a prior, it will be compensated by NNFFC as an unknown part of the tracking dynamics system. The stability analysis will be given by the Lyapunov theory. It indicates that the proposed control scheme can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB), and numerical simulations can illustrate the excellent tracking performance of the surface ship at high speed under the proposed control scheme.  相似文献   

Molecular weight and chemical reactivity of dissolved trace metals (Cd,Cu, Ni) in surface waters from the Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico     

Liang-Saw Wen  Peter H. Santschi  Kent W. Warnken  William Davison  Hao Zhang  Hsiu-Ping Li  Kuo-Tung Jiann 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

It is generally assumed that estuarine mixing is continuous for metals from terrestrial sources, gradually decreasing towards the open ocean endmember. Here we show that, chemical reactivity, determined by ion exchange method, and molecular weight distributions, obtained using cross-flow ultrafiltration, of dissolved Cd, Cu, and Ni in the surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico varied systematically across the estuarine mixing zone of the Mississippi River. Most size or chemical affinity fractions of dissolved metals (<0.4 μm) were linearly related to salinity (10.8–36.6), suggesting that the distribution of these elements was mainly controlled by continuous mixing processes. Dissolved concentrations across the salinity gradient ranged for Cd: 87–187 pM; Cu: 1.4–18.3 nM; and Ni: 2.6–18.8 nM, with highest values near the Mississippi river mouth, and lowest concentrations in a warm core ring in the Gulf of Mexico. Dissolved Cd was mostly present as a truly dissolved (<10 kDa, 97 ± 1%) and cationic fraction (Chelex-100 extractable, 94 ± 4%). A novel observation across the estuarine mixing zone was that colloidal metal concentrations were identical to either inert (for Cu, Ni) or AMPG-labile anionic (Cu, Cd) fractions. The difference in behavior between Cu and the other two metals might indicate differences in the biopolymeric nature of the metal–organic chelates. In particular, the anionic-organic Cd fractions accounted for just 3 ± 1%, on average. However, for Cu, it was 24 ± 4%, and for Ni, it was 9 ± 6%. The fractions of the total dissolved metal fractions that were “inert” averaged 31 ± 10% for Cu and 29 ± 12% for Ni. Small but noticeable amounts (6 ± 3%) of dissolved inert Cd fractions were also present. Apparent non-local transport processes, likely associated with cross-shelf sediment resuspension processes, could have been responsible for the relatively high concentrations of ‘inert’ and ‘anionic’ metal fractions in high salinity coastal waters, and accounting for the persistence of metals bound to humic substances in the Gulf of Mexico.  相似文献   

The application of cutting plus waterlogging to control Spartina alterniflora on saltmarshes in the Yangtze Estuary,China     

Lin Yuan  Liquan Zhang  Derong Xiao  Huamei Huang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Control and eradication of the exotic and invasive plant Spartina alterniflora within the Chongming Dongtan nature reserve, Shanghai, China, is vital for the management and conservation of the saltmarshes. A demonstration project was established using waterlogging and cutting to control this invasive species. Results from 2007 to 2008 showed that, although the managed waterlogging significantly reduced biomass and seed production of S. alterniflora at an early stage, the species subsequently showed rapid adaptation to the long-term waterlogging stress. Thus, managed waterlogging alone was insufficient for the effective eradication of S. alterniflora. However, managed waterlogging for around 3 months, combined with cutting the above-ground part of S. alterniflora at a key stage (flowering period in July), controlled and eradicated the plant successfully. Both the above-ground and below-ground parts of S. alterniflora were killed and the plants began to decompose after 3 months. Furthermore, there was no re-growth of the emergent part of S. alterniflora in the following years. However, once the impounded water was released restoring the natural hydrodynamic regime of the saltmarshes, the seeds and seedlings of S. alterniflora reinvaded the controlled site from the neighboring areas and the S. alterniflora community was re-established. Thus, after eradication of S. alterniflora, control measures should be maintained to prevent the re-establishment of S. alterniflora. The results of this demonstration project indicate a potentially useful and effective approach for the control and management of large-scale invasion by S. alterniflora on saltmarshes in the Yangtze Estuary, China.  相似文献   

Study on scattering wave force of horizontal and vertical plate type breakwaters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王科  张犀  高鑫 《中国海洋工程》2011,25(4):699-708

The interaction between wave and horizontal and vertical plates is investigated by the boundary element method,and the relations of wave exciting force with plate thickness,submergence and length are obtained.It is found that:1) The efficient wave exciting force exists while plate submergence is less than 0.5 m,and the plate is very thin with order O(0.005 m).2) The maximum heave wave exciting force exists,and it is the main factor for surface and submerged horizontal plate while the roll force can be ignored.3) The maximum sway wave exciting force exists,it is the main factor for surface or submerged vertical plate,and the roll force is about 20 times of horizontal plate.  相似文献   

基于扩散滤波的多尺度三维变分研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李冬  王喜冬  张学峰  吴新荣  李威  韩桂军 《海洋通报》2011,30(2):165-171

将扩散方程引入三维变分分析,揭示了传统3D-VAR不能有效提取多尺度观测信息的根本原因,即观测导致的目标函数梯度在空间的不连续分布.将扩散滤波融入基于梯度的最优化算法,发展了基于扩散滤波的多尺度3D-VAR.海表面温度数据同化试验结果表明,新方法可从长波至短波有效地提取多尺度的观测信息.  相似文献   

1990s年代际转型前后南海季风系统的季节变化     

黄菲  邢雯  李元妮  张旭  董静舒 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z1):9-15

利用多变量经验正交分解(MV-EOF)等方法,研究了在季节变化尺度上南海季风系统的时空分布特征。结果表明:南海夏季风的爆发时间在1993—1994年前后存在显著的年代际转型,由爆发偏晚转变成爆发偏早。第一模态表现为冬夏反位相的年周期变化,但爆发早年夏季风持续时间略长于爆发晚年,空间上都反映了南海中央海盆区的夏季强降水和850 hPa上南海北部的气旋性环流异常,但夏季风爆发早年中国华南沿海降水加强而南海南部降水偏少。相应的大范围环流场上主要反映了南海夏季风爆发后进入盛夏时节亚太地区大范围的环流特征,南海夏季风爆发偏早年索马里越赤道气流偏强,东亚季风槽位置偏北,爆发偏晚年则相反。第二模态反映了南海季风系统春秋反位相的季节变化,且秋季的振幅更强,空间降水场上对应着秋季华南沿海和南海北部与南海中南部北旱南涝的跷跷板式分布,850 hPa风场上则主要表现为异常的东北季风,该模态时空特征表明南海夏季风爆发偏早年的秋季,冬季风建立也偏早,越南及周边地区的降水偏多。相应的大范围环流场上则主要反映了冬季风的环流特征,在南海夏季风爆发偏早年的秋季,菲律宾以东的热带对流减弱,PJ波列增强,爆发晚年则相反。  相似文献   

锡林浩特东部早白垩世白音高老组岩石地球化学特征、LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张学斌 《地质与勘探》2015,51(2):290-302

锡林浩特东部白音高老组火山岩主要由石泡流纹岩、珍珠岩、碎斑熔岩、流纹质熔结凝灰岩等组成。LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年显示,火山岩形成于134 Ma~139 Ma之间的早白垩世。岩石地球化学研究表明:该组火山岩具有高硅、高钾、高Fe OT/Mg O比值(4.88~19.09),贫镁、钙特征,属高钾钙-碱性岩系;稀土元素表现为稀土总量较高(∑REE=82.02~436.61)、轻重稀土分馏明显(LaN/YbN=2.23~20.74)、属轻稀土富集型(LRE/HRE=2.71~11.87)、Eu负异常显著(δEu=0.06~0.42);微量元素特征表现为大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Th、U、K相对较为富集,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta相对亏损,而Ba、Sr、Zr、Ti强烈亏损,与A2型花岗岩特征相似。其岩浆来源为典型的壳源岩浆系列,是陆壳岩石部分熔融的产物,形成于造山后的张性构造环境。  相似文献   

新疆哈勒尕提矽卡岩型铁铜矿的地质特征及找矿意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

章幼惠 《地质与勘探》2015,51(4):610-618

哈勒尕提铁铜床矿位于西天山博罗科努Au、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mo异常带中,矿区发现矽卡岩型铁铜和铅锌矿体15个。铜矿、铁矿已达中型,通过深部工程控制,初步查明全区(331+332+333)类资源量:铜金属量15.2959万t,铁矿石量1321.83万t,铅金属量2341 t,锌金属量12905 t;平均品位Cu1.09%、TFe 25.55%、Pb 1.03%、Zn 5.70%。伴生组分金属量:金2.64 t、银223 t、锌7.31万t。主矿体Ⅳ、Ⅵ体在空间上分布与大理岩小残留体的形态、产状有关,同时也是化探异常浓集中心、物探低缓磁异常分布交汇的部位以及矽卡岩最为发育的地段。主矿体赋存有明显的规律性。这些成矿的地质、物化探标志性特征,对该区寻找矽卡岩型矿床有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

An Analytical Solution for Mechanical Responses Induced by Temperature and Air Pressure in a Lined Rock Cavern for Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage     

Shu-Wei?Zhou  Cai-Chu?XiaEmail author  Shi-Gui?Du  Ping-Yang?Zhang  Yu?Zhou 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2015,48(2):749-770

Mechanical responses induced by temperature and air pressure significantly affect the stability and durability of underground compressed air energy storage (CAES) in a lined rock cavern. An analytical solution for evaluating such responses is, thus, proposed in this paper. The lined cavern of interest consists of three layers, namely, a sealing layer, a concrete lining and the host rock. Governing equations for cavern temperature and air pressure, which involve heat transfer between the air and surrounding layers, are established first. Then, Laplace transform and superposition principle are applied to obtain the temperature around the lined cavern and the air pressure during the operational period. Afterwards, a thermo-elastic axisymmetrical model is used to analytically determine the stress and displacement variations induced by temperature and air pressure. The developments of temperature, displacement and stress during a typical operational cycle are discussed on the basis of the proposed approach. The approach is subsequently verified with a coupled compressed air and thermo-mechanical numerical simulation and by a previous study on temperature. Finally, the influence of temperature on total stress and displacement and the impact of the heat transfer coefficient are discussed. This paper shows that the temperature sharply fluctuates only on the sealing layer and the concrete lining. The resulting tensile hoop stresses on the sealing layer and concrete lining are considerably large in comparison with the initial air pressure. Moreover, temperature has a non-negligible effect on the lined cavern for underground compressed air storage. Meanwhile, temperature has a greater effect on hoop and longitudinal stress than on radial stress and displacement. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient affects the cavern stress to a higher degree than the displacement.  相似文献